大家好,今天我想和大家聊一聊关于“同位语从句和定语从句的区别”的话题。为了让大家更好地理解这个问题,我将相关资料进行了梳理,现在就让我们一起来交流吧。
请问大家同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性?(同位语从句)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题?(同位语从句)
Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了?(同位语从句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)
I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)
最后我们在一起来做三道练习题:
1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004上海春季高考)
A. which B. that
C. what D. whether
2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春季高考)
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
3. Luckily,we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way. (2004北京春季高考)
A. it B. that
C. this D. which
答案:1. B 2. B 3. D
同位语和定语从句的区别
同位语从句与定语从句的区别主要有以下3种:
同位语从句解释名词的具体名词,定语从句对名词进行修饰限定;that在同位语从句中为从属连词,不作成分,在定从中为关系代词,作主宾成分;先行词在同位语从句中一般为抽象名词,定从的先行词为一般名词。同位语从句和定语
从句的混淆点是:这两种从句都可以被that引导,而且先行词都是名词。那么怎么区别呢?首先:先行词虽然都是名词,但是名词在定语从句中做先行词的范围要比同位语从句广泛很多。同位语从句的先行词是表示信息、观点、主张、事实等
(如:idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question)等抽象的名词,而定语从句的范围不仅仅是这些名词,换言之,如果是表示具体意义的先行词,那么后面的从句是定语从句。
并且,连接词在从句中的作用也不一样。连接词在同位语从句不做成分,因为同位语从句本身的作用是对前面的名词进行解释说明的补充作用;连接词在定语从句中做成分。
换言之,如果连接词如果在从句中做成分,则从句是同位语从句,如果连接词不在从句中做成分,则从句是定语从句。另外,what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别 二者的不同
同位语从句与定语从句的区别:从句所修饰词的不同,连接词的作用不同,从句作用的不同等。
同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别
1)被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是数量无数的指人或物的普通意义名词。
2)先行词(同位语词)在从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,从句具有解释和说明先行词的作用,并且先行词在从句中不做任何成分;而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明,先行词在从句中做一定的成分。
3)引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用于引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位语从句。
4)引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的基本方法(或称土办法):由于同位语从句是用以说明和解释被修饰名词的具体内容的,所以它可以转换成同位名词的表语,构成我们所讲过的五种简单句中的 ”主系表结构”: 主语(先行词或称同位语词)+表语(同位语从句);而定语从句则不能做这种转换。
如:I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句,它在从句中不充当句子成分)
相当于:The belief is that where there is a will, there is a way.
同位语从句和定语从句的概念同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系(即被解释说明的词=同位语)
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句(英语:attributive clause),这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。在英语中,定语从句主要通过关系代名词法构成。
如何区分同位语从句和定语从句(小窍门)谁能用比较通
1)同位语从句和定语从句最大的区别是关系代词的作用。
同位语从句属于名词性从句,如同宾语从句一样,that 是连词,在从句中不充当语法成分,是对前面名词的具体说明,仅仅只起到语法符号的作用。定语从句属于形容词性从句,that 是关系代词,在从句中指代先行词,充当主语、宾语或表语。
2)同位语从句的先行词是抽象名词,如 fact、reason、idea 等,定语从句的先行词可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
浅谈同位语从句和定语从句的区别
在教学中,同位语从句和定语从句是个难点。为了帮助老师和同学们解决这个难点,现就同位语从句和定语从句的区别谈谈自己的一点看法。同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边,从形式上来看,它们十分相似。从以下几个方面来谈它们的区别。
1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如:
He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.他又告诉我们一个事实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)
We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago. . 我们不知道她的母亲十年前是个教授。(同位语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。(定语从句)
2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as,than, but 等。
The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)
Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?(同位语从句)
I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake. 我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤!(同位语从句)
3. 从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:
The man that you saw just now is my bother. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)
The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同位语从句)
The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off. 他提出的建议推迟会议。(定语从句)
4. 正确理解和使用同位语从句,还应注意以下几点:
A.分隔同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来,这种分隔主要出于修辞原因,即为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻。
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing . 真相终于大白了,他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。
An order has come from Beijing that these thieves will be sentenced to death .
B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should) + 动词原形。常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand , plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如:
The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted . 采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。
C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。例如:
他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。
(正)The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
(误)The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
定语从句和同位语从句的区别是什么?
定语从句和同位语从句的区别是:修饰词语不同,先行词数量不同,连接词不同。
修饰词语不同:同位语从句主要修饰表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句主要修饰人或物。先行词数量不同:同位语从句中的先行词是有限的;而定语从句中的先行词是无限的。连接词不同:同位语从句中的连接词主要有whether、how、that等;而定语从句中的连接词主要有but、which等。
具体区别:
1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief , doubt , fact , hope 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。
2、连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why 等。
3、从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。
同位语从句和定语从句有什么区别
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是抽象名词,如:
idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等
如:
The possibility (<---先行词)that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性(同位语从句)
定语从句的先行词对名词无限制
如:
The doctor (<--- 先行词)whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴
而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴
如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的
(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的
(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句
回答完毕,希望对你有所帮助
同位语从句和定语从句有什么区别,怎么判断它们
答
1、同位语从句和定语从句的区别是:同位语从句是对先行词起解释或补充说明的作用,可以去掉而先行词的意思依然完整;而定语从句(限制性定语从句)对先行词起限定或修饰的作用,去掉后先行词的意思就不完整。
2、判断依据:that在同位语从句中不充当成份,没有实际意义,一般不省略(少数情况除外),that在定语从句中要充当句子成份,起代替先行词的作用及连接先行词与定语从句的作用,作主语时不能省略,而作宾语时可以省略。
如:
1) We were very happy at the news that our team had won the match. (同位语从句)
2) We were very happy at the news (that) you told me just now. (定语从句)
英语语法同位语从句与定语从句的区别
英语语法同位语从句与定语从句的区别 篇1
同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同,具体表现在以下几个方面:
(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
(2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容;而定语从句是对先行词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。
(3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不担任任何成分,但不能省略;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中担任句子的某种成分,当担任定语从句中的宾语时,that可以省略。
(4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what,how,whether引导;而同位从句可以用what,how,whether引导
(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语;而定语从句不能充当先行词的.表语。
英语语法同位语从句与定语从句的区别 篇2同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句修饰限定先行词,它与先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句解释说明先行词的具体内容,它与先行词是同位关系。
①The planethat has just taken offis for Paris. (定语从句)
②The factthat he has diedis quite clear. (同位语从句)
(2)定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分,关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导,在从句中不充当句子成分;where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词也可以引导同位语从句,这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
①The newsthat he told meis true. (定语从句)
②The newsthat he has just diedis true. (同位语从句)
③The problemthat we’re facing nowis how we can collect so much money. (定语从句)
④The problemhow we can collect so much moneyis hard to solve. (同位语从句)
⑤The questionthat he raisedpuzzled all of us. (定语从句)
⑥The questionwhether he is sure to win the gameis hard to answer.(同位语从句)
(3)同位语从句与先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如:
①The ideathat we can ask the teacher for adviceis wonderful.
(同位语从句)
→The idea is that we can ask the teacher for advice.
②The factthat the earth moves around the sunis known to all. (同位语从句)
→The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
③Pay attention to the problemhow we can protect the wild
animals.(同位语从句)
→The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
好了,今天关于“同位语从句和定语从句的区别”的话题就讲到这里了。希望大家能够通过我的讲解对“同位语从句和定语从句的区别”有更全面、深入的了解,并且能够在今后的学习中更好地运用所学知识。